The 3 levels of a Linux distribution

Applications chosen by the user to prepare documents, exchange messages, navigate on Internet, etc.

The environment or the interface facilitating teh computer use (screen, keyboard, mouse, etc). For example the GNOME, LXDE, Xfce environment.

The kernel coordinating all necessary processes.

The name of the distribution may indicate

Only the kernel (ex: Ubuntu).
The environment and the kernel, for example Xubuntu for the Xfce environment with the Ubuntu kernel.
And sometimes the distribution objective, i.e., PrimTux a Linux distribution Linux for primary school.

Version 2019-04-01

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